Cleopatra was born in 69 BC - 68 BC. When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, Cleopatra became co-regent with her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII. They were married, in keeping with Egyptian tradition.Cleopatra - Wikipedia. Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, . Maist Ptolemeis spoke Greek an refused tae learn Egyptian, which is the raison that Greek as well as Egyptian leids wur uised on offeecial court documents like the Rosetta Stone. Bi contrast, Cleopatra learned Egyptian an representit hersel as the reincarnation o an Egyptian Goddess. Cleopatra oreeginally ruled jointly wi her faither Ptolemy XII Auletes an later wi her brithers, Ptolemy XIII an Ptolemy XIV, whom she marriet as per Egyptian custom, but eventually she became sole ruler. As pharaoh, she consummatit a liaison wi Gaius Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne. She later elevatit her son wi Caesar, Caesarion, tae co- ruler in name. Efter Caesar's assassination in 4. BC, she aligned wi Mark Antony in opposition tae Caesar's legal heir, Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus (later kent as Augustus). Wi Antony, she bore the twins Cleopatra Selene II an Alexander Helios, an anither son, Ptolemy Philadelphus. Her unions wi her brithers produced nae childer. Efter losin the Battle o Actium tae Octavian's forces, Antony committit suicide. Cleopatra follaed suit, accordin tae tradition killin hersel bi means o an asp bite on 1. August 3. 0 BC. She wis briefly ootlived bi Caesarion, who wis declared pharaoh, but he wis suin killed on Octavian's orders. Egyp became the Roman province o Aegyptus. Though Cleopatra bore the auncient Egyptian title o pharaoh, the Ptolemaic dynasty wis Hellenistic, haein been foundit 3. Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian. Greek general o Alexander the Great. As such, Cleopatra's leid wis the Greek spoken bi the Hellenic aristocracy, though she wis reputit tae be the first ruler o the dynasty tae learn Egyptian. She an' a' adoptit common Egyptian beliefs an deities. Her patron deity wis Isis, an thus, durin her reign, it wis believed that she wis the re- incarnation an embodiment o the goddess. Find out more about the history of Cleopatra, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, historical features and more. Get all the facts on HISTORY.com. Cleopatra has 75,062 ratings and 4,313 reviews. Donna said: First and foremost this is a history book. The plot is taken from real time 2,000 years ago. Her daith marked the end o the Ptolemaic Kinrick an Hellenistic period an the beginnin o the Roman era in the eastren Mediterranean. Tae this day, Cleopatra remains a popular figure in Wastren cultur. Her legacy survives in numerous wirks o airt an the mony dramatizations o her story in literature an ither media, includin William Shakespeare's tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, Jules Massenet's opera Cl. In maist depictions, Cleopatra is put forward as a great beauty an her successive conquests o the warld's maist pouerful men ar taken tae be proof o her aesthetic an sexual appeal. Cleopatra's father Auletes was a direct descendant of Alexander the Great's general, Ptolemy I Soter, son of Arsinoe and Lacus, baith of Macedon. Centralization o pouer an corruption led the uprisings in and the losses of Cyprus and Cyrenaica, making Ptolemy's reign the end of the maist calamitous of the dynasty. When Ptolemy went to Rome with Cleopatra, Cleopatra VI Tryphaena seized the croun but died shortly afterwards in suspicious circumstances. It is believed, though not proven by historical sources, that Berenice IV poisoned her so she could become the sole ruler. Regardless of the cause, she did till Ptolemy Auletes returned in 5. BC, with Roman support, capturing Alexandria aided by Roman general Aulus Gabinius. Berenice was imprisoned and executit shortly efterwards, her aid allegedly being sent to the royal court on the decree of her father, the king. Cleopatra was now, at age 1. Ptolemy XII died on March 5. BC, thus by his will making the 1. Cleopatra, ( Greek: “Famous in Her Father”) in full Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (“Cleopatra the Father-Loving Goddess”) (born 70/69 bce —died August 30 bce, Alexandria) Egyptian queen, famous in history and drama. Mankiewicz, Rouben Mamoulian, Darryl F. With Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Rex Harrison, Pamela Brown. The triumphs and tragedy of the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. Cleopatra VII Philopator (Greek: Cleopatra was an Egyptian queen who had affairs with Rome's Julius Caesar and Marc Antony. She and Antony were defeated by Octavian in the battle at Actium. Learn more at Biography.com. Cleopatra and her brother, the 1. Ptolemy XIII joint monarchs. The first three years of their reign were difficult, due to economic difficulties, famine, deficient floods of the Nile, and political conflicts. Although Cleopatra was married to her young brother, she quickly made it clear that she had no intention of sharing power with. In August 5. 1 BC, relations between Cleopatra and Ptolemy completely broke down. Cleopatra dropped Ptolemy's name from official documents and her face appeared alone on coins, which went against Ptolemaic tradition of female rulers being subordinate to male co- rulers. In 5. 0 BC Cleopatra came into a serious conflict with the Gabiniani, powerful Roman troops of Aulus Gabinius who had left them in Egypt to protect Ptolemy XII after his restoration to the throne in 5. BC. This conflict was one of the main causes of Cleopatra's fall from power shortly afterward. The sole reign of Cleopatra was finally ended by a cabal of courtiers, lead by the eunuch. Pothinus, removing Cleopatra from power and making Ptolemy sole ruler in circa 4. BC (or possibly earlier, as a decree exists from 5. BC with Ptolemy's name alone). She tried to start a rebellion around Pelusium, but she was soon forced to flee with her only remaining sister, Arsino. In the hairst o 4. BC, Pompey fled frae the forces o Caesar tae Alexandria, seekin sanctuary. Ptolemy, anerlie thirteen years auld at that time, haed set up a throne for hissel on the harbour, frae whaur he watcht as on September 2. BC, Pompey wis murthered bi ane o his umwhile officers, nou in Ptolemaic service. He wis beheidit in front o his wife an childer, who wur on the ship frae which he haed juist disembarked. Ptolemy is thought tae hae ordered the daith tae ingratiate hissel wi Caesar, thus becomin an ally o Rome, tae which Egyp wis in debt at the time, though this act proved a miscalculation on Ptolemy's pairt. When Caesar arrived in Egyp twa days later, Ptolemy presentit him wi Pompey's severed heid; Caesar wis enraged. Although he wis Caesar's poleetical enemy, Pompey wis a Roman consul an the widower o Caesar's anerlie legitimate dochter, Julia (who dee'd in childbirth wi Pompey's son). Caesar seized the Egyptian caipital an imposed hissel as airbiter atween the rival claims o Ptolemy an Cleopatra. Eager tae take advantage o Julius Caesar's anger toward Ptolemy, Cleopatra haed hersel smuggled secretly intae the palace tae meet wi Caesar. Ane legend claims she entered past Ptolemy. Efter a war lastin sax months atween the pairty o Ptolemy XIII an the Roman airmy o Caesar, Ptolemy XIII wis drouned in the Nile an Caesar restored Cleopatra tae her throne, wi anither younger brither Ptolemy XIV as her new co- ruler. Although Cleopatra wis 2. Caesar wis 5. 2, they became lovers durin Caesar. Cleopatra claimed Caesar wis the faither o her son an wished him tae name the boy his heir, but Caesar refused, chuisin his grandnephew Octavian instead. Durin this relationship, it wis an aa rumored that Cleopatra introduced Caesar tae her astronomer Sosigenes o Alexandria, who first proposed the idea o leap days an leap years. Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIV an Caesarion visitit Rome in simmer 4. BC, whaur the Egyptian queen residit in ane o Caesar's kintra hooses. The relationship atween Cleopatra an Caesar wis obvious tae the Roman fowk an it wis a scandal, acause the Roman dictator wis awready marriet tae Calpurnia Pisonis. But Caesar even erectit a gowden statue o Cleopatra representit as Isis in the temple o Venus Genetrix (the meethical ancestress o Caesar's family), which wis situatit at the Forum Julium. The Roman orator Cicero said in his preserved letters that he hatit the foreign queen. Cleopatra an her entourage wur in Rome when Caesar wis assassinatit on 1. Mairch 4. 4 BC. She returned wi her relatives tae Egyp. When Ptolemy XIV dee'd . Brutus an Cassius left Italy an sailed tae the East o the Roman Empire, whaur they conquered lairge auries an established military bases. At the beginnin o 4. BC, Cleopatra formed an alliance wi the leader o the Caesarian pairty in the East, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, who recognized Caesarion as her co- ruler. But suin, Dolabella wis encircled in Laodicea an committit suicide (Julie 4. BC). Cassius then wantit tae invade Egyp tae seize the treasures o that kintra an tae punish the queen for her refusal tae send him supplies an her support for Dolabella. Egyp seemed an easy target acause the land did no hae strang land forces an there wis famine an an epidemic. Cassius an aa wantit tae prevent Cleopatra frae bringin reinforcements for Antony an Octavian. But he coud no execute an invasion o Egyp, acause at the end o 4. BC Brutus summoned him back tae Smyrna. Cassius tried tae blockade Cleopatra. For this purpose Lucius Staius Murcus moved wi 6. Cape Matapan in the sooth o the Peloponnese. Nivertheless, Cleopatra sailed wi her fleet frae Alexandria tae the wast alang the Libian coast tae join the Caesarian leaders, but she wis forced tae return tae Egyp acause her ships wur damaged bi a violent storm an she became ill. Staius Murcus learned o the queen's misfortune an saw wreckage frae her ships on the coast o Greece. He then sailed wi his ships intae the Adriatic Sea. Dellius haed tae summon Cleopatra tae Tarsus tae meet Antony an answer questions aboot her lealty. Durin the Roman ceevil war she allegedly haed paid muckle money tae Cassius. It seems that in reality Antony wantit Cleopatra. Cleopatra arrived in great state, an so charmed Antony that he chuise tae spend the winter o 4. BC. The execution wis carried oot in 4. BC on the steps o the temple, an this violation o temple sanctuary scandalised Rome. Cleopatra haed an aa executit her strategos o Cyprus, Serapion, who haed supportit Cassius against her wishes. On 2. 5 December 4. BC, Cleopatra gave birth tae twins faithered bi Antony, Alexander Helios an Cleopatra Selene II. Fower years later, Antony visitit Alexandria again en route tae make war wi the Parthians. He renewed his relationship wi Cleopatra, an frae this point on Alexandria wad be his hame. He marriet Cleopatra accordin tae the Egyptian rite (a letter quotit in Suetonius suggests this), although he wis at the time marriet tae Octavia Minor, sister o his fellae triumvir Octavian. He an Cleopatra haed anither child, Ptolemy Philadelphus. At the Donations o Alexandria in late 3. Cleopatra - The Lumineers . So many bands adopted this thunderous folk that it no longer seemed to belong to the Lumineers; it appeared communal, perhaps existing to the earlier generations the Lumineers so clearly loved yet never quite replicated. Given this omnipresence, maybe it's not a surprise that the trio avoid any semblance of infectious rhythms on Cleopatra, their long- awaited second album, yet the sobriety of this 2. Melancholy and sullen, Cleopatra feels like a conscious reaction to the idea that the band was merely a boisterous retro- throwback, a band that existed primarily on the surface. Apart from the lead single . Sometimes, the Lumineers are quite effective at being evocative: there's a certain dusky shimmer to the album, an atmosphere that tends to hang as heavy as fog as the record rolls along. This sequencing, where the relatively hookier tunes are pushed toward the front, is typical in the 2. Cleopatra of velocity, with whatever energy there was dissipating by the album's conclusion, when the record winds down with its quietest moments. Nevertheless, there's something admirable about the album's solemnity: the Lumineers are on a quest to be taken seriously, and even if they overplay their hand, the earnestness is ingratiating.
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